The fortress in Kamyanets-Podilsky is undoubtedly one of the most impressive fortifications in Ukraine. Its origins date back to the 12th-13th centuries, although the first written document mentioning it dates back to 1374, during the reign of princes George and Alexander Koriatovich. Situated on a rocky promontory surrounded by a loop of the Smotrich River, it forms a unique urban-architectural complex together with the historic town. The New Castle, completed in 1621, is an excellent example of the development of fortification art over the centuries. Interestingly, the fortress has become a popular location for the filming of historical movies, which has further contributed to its recognition among tourists.

The architecture of the stone fortress combines elements of various styles, from Gothic to Renaissance, reflecting the cultural influences the region has undergone. A unique feature is the Turkish Bridge, which leads to the fortress' main gate. According to legend, when the Turks conquered the fortress in 1672, they were so impressed by its power that they called it 'the crown in stone.' During the tour, note the defense system consisting of 12 towers, each with a unique shape and purpose.

Kyiv Fortress, also known as Pechersk Fortress, is a fortification complex built in the 18th century to protect the Pechersk Lavra and strategic points in Kyiv. Unlike medieval castles, it represents a more modern approach to the art of warfare, characteristic of the modern era. It now houses a museum with exhibits related to military history. The fortress played a significant role during the Napoleonic Wars, serving as an important resistance point against the French invasion.

The Kyiv Fortress's uniqueness lies in its vastness and complex fortification system, which included earthen ramparts, moats and masonry fortifications. Visiting the site, one can see how the art of fortification construction has evolved over the centuries. The fortress also offers a magnificent view of the Dnieper River, which is an additional attraction for visitors. Compared to Kamenets Podolsk, which impresses with its medieval character, Kyiv Fortress shows a more modern approach to defensive architecture, making it an interesting point of reference for lovers of military history.

Olesko Castle, located on a hill in the Lviv region, is not only an impressive defensive structure, but also the birthplace of the future King of Poland - John III Sobieski. Erected in the 14th century, the castle changed owners many times, passing from Polish to Lithuanian and then again to Polish hands. It now functions as a museum, where one can admire a rich collection of art, including paintings, sculptures and furniture from various eras. The architecture of the castle combines Gothic and Renaissance elements, reflecting its long and complex history.

There are many fascinating legends associated with Olesko Castle. One of them tells of a mysterious tunnel that was supposed to connect the castle with the nearby Capuchin monastery. Another legend tells of the ghost of a white lady who appears in the castle's chambers during a full moon. Also worth noting is the landscaped park that surrounds the castle, which is the perfect place for a relaxing stroll after exploring the historic interiors.

Lutsk Castle, also known as Lubart Castle, is one of the best-preserved medieval defense complexes in Ukraine. Erected in the 14th century by Prince Lubart, it witnessed many significant historical events, including the famous convention of European monarchs in 1429, known as the Lutsk Rally. The castle successfully repelled the sieges of many powerful rulers, including Casimir the Great and Sigismund Kiejstutowicz, which testifies to its exceptional defensive qualities.

Lutsk Castle is distinguished by the triangular shape of the courtyard and three powerful towers: the Vjezdna, Styer and Vladislav towers. Each of them had a specific function in the defense system. Vladycha Tower, the tallest of them, offers a magnificent view of the city and its surroundings. Compared to Olesko Castle, which has a more residential character, Lutsk Castle was primarily a powerful fortress, as can be seen in its austere, military architecture.

Chocim Castle, located on the Dniester River, is a monumental fortress that played a key role in the region's history. Built in the 13th-14th centuries, it witnessed the famous 1621 Battle of Chocim, during which Polish-Lithuanian troops under the command of Jan Karol Chodkiewicz halted the Turkish army. The fortress has survived numerous attempts at destruction, including a failed attempt to blow it up in 1675. The architecture of the castle combines Moldavian, Polish and Turkish influences, making it a unique example of multicultural heritage.

The Chocim fortress impresses with its monumental character and strategic location on the high bank of the Dniester River. Its powerful walls, towers and system of fortifications make it one of the finest examples of medieval defensive architecture in Eastern Europe. There is a legend associated with the castle about a hidden treasure, which, according to legends, was buried somewhere in the underground of the fortress by one of the Turkish commanders. Like the fortress in Kamieniec Podolski, the castle in Chocim has become a popular location for the filming of historical movies.

When planning a trip on the trail of Ukrainian castles and fortresses, it is worthwhile to prepare properly for visiting these fascinating sites. Each of them offers slightly different experiences and attractions, so it is advisable to tailor your itinerary to your interests and time capabilities. When comparing the various sites in terms of accessibility and tourist infrastructure, there are some differences that can affect the comfort of your visit.

The fortress in Kamenets Podolskiy is one of the best prepared facilities in terms of tourism. It offers extensive infrastructure, including information points, marked tour routes and the possibility of using guides. Ticket prices are at an average level, making it accessible to most tourists. An additional attraction is the periodically organized historical re-enactments and festivals, which allow visitors to travel back in time and experience the atmosphere of a medieval castle. The best time to visit is late spring and early autumn, when temperatures are pleasant and the number of tourists is lower than in the peak season.

Kyiv Fortress, due to its location in the Ukrainian capital, is easily accessible to tourists. The museum located on its grounds offers a rich educational program, making it an ideal destination for families with children. Ticket prices are slightly higher than at other sites, but this is compensated for by the rich array of exhibits and cultural events. It's worth planning a visit on weekdays to avoid weekend crowds.

Olesko Castle, while somewhat less well-known among foreign tourists, offers a unique experience thanks to its extensive museum collections. Ticket prices are relatively low, which, combined with its picturesque location and historical significance, makes it an attractive point on the itinerary. The facility is well suited for visitors of all abilities, although some parts of the castle may be difficult to access for those with limited mobility.

Lutsk Castle is distinguished by its well-preserved defensive architecture and a rich program of cultural events. Ticket prices are affordable, and organized medieval crafts workshops and knightly combat demonstrations are an added attraction. Compared to other sites, Lutsk Castle offers more interactive forms of sightseeing, making it especially attractive to younger tourists.

Chocim Castle, due to its location on the Dniester River, offers not only a history lesson, but also picturesque views of the surrounding area. Ticket prices are low, which, combined with the monumental nature of the fortress, accounts for its appeal. However, it is worth remembering that the tourist infrastructure here is less developed than that of more popular sites, so it is advisable to prepare in advance for a visit.

Traveling along the route of Ukrainian fortifications, it is worth noting the differences in the architectural styles of the various buildings. The fortress in Kamenets Podolskiy and the castle in Chocim represent classic examples of medieval defensive architecture, while the Kyiv Fortress shows a more recent approach to fortification art. The castles of Olesko and Lutsk combine defensive and residential functions, which is evident in their architecture. This variety of styles and functions makes a tour of Ukrainian castles and fortresses a fascinating journey through centuries of defensive architectural history.